All About Pocket Knives

I modified/customized a Buck 110 that I have. I removed the wooden scales, replaces the center pin and made new scales from buffalo horn. I attached the buffalo horn scales by roughing up the mating surfaces and gluing with slow cure epoxy that I have used for years with no problem. The center pin is covered by the horn scales, and no pins were through the scales. Only epoxy held them on. Well, a week into carrying it and showing it off (it is a beauty) one of the scales came off. So I cleaned, re-scuffed, and re epoxied with a new epoxy. Held great for a few more days. Then popped off again. Any ideas? I have seen YT videos of them just being epoxied. Are those safe queens? Should it hold? Am I not holding my mouth right? .......What? where? I'm confused......as usual....
Thanks, Tom

Is the horn pulling/curling? That is quite common, and I find in most cases, the horn is trying to get back to it's original shape. Perhaps also the horn is not porous enough to absorb the epoxy.

Regardless, I use pins as well as epoxy to hold things in place. A lot of the old makers used pins only, no glue/epoxy. So I say pins in this case.

Also, pics! Let's see your work!

Yep.... I agree... you really need pins. I use epoxy when I replace scales. BUT, it is just to hold the scales in place temporarily in my opinion.
As a PS to this..... I haven't found a good epoxy that will hold a scale on permanently. Heck, I have had the epoxy turn aloose while I was sanding / filing the scales to shape.

Only thing I do differently than what you describe is to clean everything, metal and handle material with acetone and be careful not to finger print the areas before assembly. I have only used horn a couple of times, but it was pinned as well as epoxied and I didn't have any issues.

A lot of factory made knives with pearl handles don't use pins at all. Sometimes I think the factories have secrets they use on things. I've seen many damaged pearl handles but never one that came off. I don't think I've ever seen an older knife with horn handles that didn't use pins. As Glen said there must have been a reason for that.

Meridian_Mike wrote:Yep.... I agree... you really need pins. I use epoxy when I replace scales. BUT, it is just to hold the scales in place temporarily in my opinion.
As a PS to this..... I haven't found a good epoxy that will hold a scale on permanently. Heck, I have had the epoxy turn aloose while I was sanding / filing the scales to shape.

Mike, what I have found with epoxy is, the quicker of a set, the easier it releases. A five minute epoxy is not as strong as a twenty minute epoxy.
Setting scales I want something that is quick, so I mostly use five minute on folder scales. They are pinned almost immediately after the epoxy sets. When building fixed blades I like use the longer 20-30 minute epoxy. Not only does it give me more time to work, but also seems to be a stronger bond in the end.
Any heat from grinding or polishing will cause the epoxy to release as well.
My 2 cents.
TW

Tony_Wood wrote:
Setting scales I want something that is quick, so I mostly use five minute on folder scales. They are pinned almost immediately after the epoxy sets. When building fixed blades I like use the longer 20-30 minute epoxy. Not only does it give me more time to work, but also seems to be a stronger bond in the end.
Any heat from grinding or polishing will cause the epoxy to release as well.
My 2 cents.
TW

Yep, that is what I have discovered.... The heat will make the epoxy release. SO... I have tried to make my procedures work around that phenomenon. I do a lot of hand filing which doesn't generate as much heat as a belt sander. But that only gets me as far as a rough finish shape. Then I go to the sander to get a final finished shape and then polish. I try to let the scales cool some between sandings.... just to keep the epoxy from releasing.
(I'm sure there is a better way.....)

On handle pins, through thin liners, is the inside end of the pin flared somehow and the outside end peened, to form a mechanical lock that holds the scales tight? Or is it just contact between the round pin and the round hole in the liner that provides the grip?

There are a few things I do that work best for me.

Sanding - use new sharp belts. The newer the belt the sharper the abrasive and the less time is required to sand something. Use a light touch and use a coarse belt to cut fast without heat buildup. Then smooth it down with finer abrasive.
I sand the surfaces to be glued with 32 grit on the back of the scale especially bone and stag to help the glue grab hold of the scale. I use a 32 grit 1/2" sanding drum on my Fordom and rough up the surface of the liner I am gluing to help the glue grab hold to the liner. Then clean it before gluing.

I clean everything with 91% to 99% pure isopropyl alcohol. It is inexpensive, ($1.59 at Krogers pharmacy) and it leaves zero residue. Petrolum products like lacquer thinner and acetone can still leave a very thin oily film. Alcohol is not oil base and leaves not oily film.

I use Bob Smith's 2 part epoxy. You can find the same adhesive under other names, they all seem to work fine. I use almost exclusively the 5 minute cure on folders because they say it is more flexible than the 15 and 30 minute cure versions. ("They" being the owner of USA Knife Makers Supply, a company that has the epoxy private labeled for them).

That is how I do things. It certainly not the only way, but it is the process I currently use, because it s the most effective and efficient way I have personally found.
My process evolves as I find new products and methods.

tallguy606 wrote:On handle pins, through thin liners, is the inside end of the pin flared somehow and the outside end peened, to form a mechanical lock that holds the scales tight? Or is it just contact between the round pin and the round hole in the liner that provides the grip?

The hole on the inside of the liner should have a countersink. You'd also countersink the hole in the handle material so that after hammering the pin on both sides the handle will be locked in place.

Eric

ea42 wrote:

tallguy606 wrote:On handle pins, through thin liners, is the inside end of the pin flared somehow and the outside end peened, to form a mechanical lock that holds the scales tight? Or is it just contact between the round pin and the round hole in the liner that provides the grip?

The hole on the inside of the liner should have a countersink. You'd also countersink the hole in the handle material so that after hammering the pin on both sides the handle will be locked in place.

Eric

That is part of the problem I have ran into now I have decided to pin the scales.. I have not taken the knife totally apart, only the center pin and scales removed. I have the holes drilled for the pins in the scales but can't get a head on the pin between the brass liners (where the blade goes between). Am I gonna have to bite the bullet and take the pins out of the bolsters to totally separate the two sides and peen the inside heads on the pins ?

Ditto on the above advice. I personally like 2-ton epoxy and let it sit for at least a few hours with clamps before pinning. However, I may try the epoxy that Dale mentioned. Here is a link to a video on pinning without disassembling that I found useful a long time ago: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s43vAbvSSGQ I don't have a good stiddy like this one, but made my own improvised version that works OK until I find a nice one like the one in the video. I hope this helps. Herb

Horn moves. Pearl is probably the most stable handle material.
Pearl is usually glued with contact cement.

This is the one I was having problems with, but the scales are pinned now. I am at work and don't have any pics of it now. As everybody can see, Buck 110, I made buffalo horn scales. Beautiful, but didn't last in my pocket.
Tom

The horn does make it look nice!

I love the look! And, like all of us, you learn a little bit more with every knife that you do.

It looks great Tom!
Water buffalo horn makes beautiful handles!

Here it is now. I hate I had to put pins through the scales.

Tom, if it bothers you that much, I bet there are a few dozen fellows here who would take it off your hands. That horn looks good.

Awesome...I don't think the pins detract from that nice horn!

Personally I am rather partial to pins in the handle.
The handle without pins looks incomplete to me. But that's just me.

Nice job Tom! Horn looks great on that knife. I'm with Dale, the pins make it look complete and you don't have to be as concerned with the scales coming loose when the epoxy decides to give up.

I love it! Shoot, if you don't like it I'd give you $50 dollars for it!

Thanks guys, I’m a perfectionist (freak). The intent was super clean looking scales. Been on my belt all day except when I took it out to use it. After using my new Japanese wet stone and leather strop,.....holy crap. Easily sharpest knife I have, and I’m known for sharp knives.

Horn fluctuates too much with temperature and humidity changes to rely on epoxy alone, definately needs pins. I pin EVERYTHING now. In my very early days I didn't pin anything, some are still going strong others needed repair. Pins solves those issues.